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Trends in the periodic table chemistry1/31/2024 The more energy levels between the valence electrons and the nucleus, the more shielding. Shielding: inner electrons tend to shield the outer electrons from the attractive force of the nucleus. The more protons, the greater the nuclear charge. Nuclear charge: the attractive force between the positive protons in the nucleus and the negative electrons in the energy levels.Electronegativity: a measure of how tightly an atom holds onto its valence electrons.Ionization energy: the amount of energy it takes to strip away the first valence electron.But how do you know which element will react with which to produce an ionic or a covalent compound? That depends on a few factors: Second, nonmetals tend to share electrons so that both atoms have full outer energy levels they form covalent compounds. In the end, both ions have a full outer energy level. An ion with more electrons than protons is negatively charged and is called an anion (comes from the nonmetal). An ion with more protons than electrons is positively charged and called a cation (comes from the metal). When an atom gains or loses a valence electron, it forms an ion. The nonmetal atom takes one or more valence electrons from the metal atom. First, metals react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. And if you look at the table as a whole, some big trends start to emerge that tell us how one element will react with another.īefore we can see these trends, a quick chemistry recap might be good. If you're looking at it, you're casually taking in work that scientists have spent lifetimes struggling with. It's handy to know about what group a particular element resides in and what its atomic structure is like, but that's not all the periodic table has to tell you.
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